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AZATHIOPRINE
This page contains brief details about the drug azathioprine, it’s indication, dosage & administaration, mechanism of action, related brands with strength, warnings and common side effects.
Background and Date of Approval
Azathioprine belongs to the pharmacological class immunosuppressive agents.
Mechanism of Action of Azathioprine
Azathioprine involves being converted into an active metabolite called 6-mercaptopurine within the body. 6-mercaptopurine is a purine analog, and it interferes with the synthesis of DNA and RNA in rapidly dividing cells, including immune cells. This disruption of nucleic acid synthesis suppresses the activity of the immune system by inhibiting the proliferation of immune cells. As a result, this medication reduces the production of antibodies and immune cells responsible for attacking the body’s tissues in autoimmune diseases. The immunosuppressive effect helps to alleviate inflammation and control the symptoms of autoimmune conditions while also preventing the body from rejecting transplanted organs.
AVAILABLE BRANDS
Uses of Azathioprine
Azathioprine serves as an immunosuppressive drug commonly used to manage a variety of medical conditions. Its primary uses include the treatment of autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and certain dermatological conditions. It also plays a vital role in transplant medicine, where it is used to prevent the rejection of transplanted organs. By modulating immune system activity, azathioprine helps suppress autoimmune reactions and reduce inflammation, thereby enhancing the quality of life for patients with these conditions. Furthermore, in organ transplantation, it is crucial for suppressing immune responses to the new organ, significantly improving the likelihood of a successful transplant.
Azathioprine Drug administaration and Dosage available
Azathioprine is available for administration orally, either as tablets or as an oral suspension. It is essential to adhere to the prescribed dosage and timing of this medication to ensure its efficacy and safety in managing various health conditions.
Warnings, Precautions and Side Effects of Azathioprine
Warnings
Azathioprine weakens the immune system, heightening the risk of infections and slowing the body’s response to fight them. Prolonged use of this medication is linked to a higher likelihood of developing cancers, such as lymphoma and skin cancer. It can also lead to bone marrow suppression, resulting in reduced blood cell counts, including anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Additionally, azathioprine can cause liver issues, including hepatitis, and may elevate the risk of cardiovascular events like heart attacks or strokes, particularly in individuals with existing cardiovascular risk factors.
Precautions
While taking azathioprine, it is important to minimize your risk of infection. Avoid close contact with people who are ill and maintain good hygiene practices, including frequent handwashing. Regular blood tests are necessary to check your blood cell counts and liver function, helping to identify any early signs of bone marrow suppression or liver issues. Before getting any vaccinations, consult with your healthcare provider, as azathioprine may affect your vaccine response. If you have a history of hepatitis B or C, inform your healthcare provider, since this medication could reactivate these viruses. Always take azathioprine exactly as your healthcare provider has prescribed and never alter or stop the dosage without their guidance.
Side Effects
Azathioprine may lead to common side effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rashes, headaches, hair loss, and a heightened risk of infections. More severe side effects could include serious allergic reactions, liver complications, pancreatitis, significant bone marrow suppression, and a higher chance of developing cancers. It is important to immediately inform your healthcare provider about any side effects to ensure appropriate management and monitoring throughout your treatment.
Word Of Advice
Before starting azathioprine, inform your healthcare provider about any allergies, liver or kidney issues, current infections, or other medical conditions you have. Since azathioprine can suppress the immune system and increase infection risk, try to steer clear of close contact with people who are ill. Regular blood tests are essential to track your blood cell counts, and genetic testing might be recommended to fine-tune your dosage. Protect yourself from the sun, moderate your alcohol intake, and discuss reproductive health options with your provider as necessary. Always adhere to the prescribed dosage, keep up with routine medical appointments, and stay alert for any new symptoms or side effects.
Frequently Asked Question
The response to Azathioprine can vary among individuals and depends on the medical condition being treated. It may take several weeks to months to experience the full benefits of the medication. Your healthcare provider will monitor your progress and adjust the treatment plan as needed.
No, do not stop taking Azathioprine without consulting your healthcare provider, even if your symptoms improve. Suddenly stopping the medication can lead to a flare-up of the underlying condition or organ rejection after transplantation. Always follow your doctor’s instructions regarding the dosage and duration of treatment.
In rare cases, azathioprine may cause pancreatitis, characterized by severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience such symptoms.
If you miss a dose of Azathioprine, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is close to the time of your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for the missed one.
Azathioprine is not effective against viral infections like COVID-19. It is primarily used to manage autoimmune conditions and prevent organ rejection after transplantation. Always consult your healthcare provider for appropriate treatment options for viral infections.
Disclaimer
The drug information on this page is different from medical advice. It is meant for educational purposes only. For further details, consult your doctor about your medical condition to know if you can receive this treatment.