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ALLOPURINOL
This page provides concise information on the drug allopurinol, including its indications, dosage and administration guidelines, mechanism of action, related brands and their strengths, as well as warnings and common side effects.
Background and Date of Approval
Allopurinol is an anti-hyperuricemic medication developed by the U.S. Food And Drug Administration and initially approved in the year 1966, for treating gout and chemotherapy-induced hyperuricemia.
Mechanism of Action of Allopurinol
Allopurinol works by inhibiting the enzyme xanthine oxidase, which converts purines into uric acid. By reducing uric acid production, this drug helps lower uric acid levels in the blood count and prevents the formation of urate crystals, which cause gout and kidney stones.
AVAILABLE BRANDS
ALLOPURINOL
Available Brands
Uses of Allopurinol
Allopurinol helps to treat gout (a form of inflammatory arthritis caused by sudden and severe attacks of pain, tenderness, redness, and swelling in the joints, most commonly affecting the base of the big toe). This tablet is also used to treat chemotherapy-induced hyperuricemia. Some cancer treatments can cause an increase in uric acid levels, which may lead to kidney damage or gout. This medicine may be used with chemotherapy to prevent hyperuricemia and its associated complications.
Allopurinol Drug administaration and Dosage available
Take the Allopurinol Tablet as advised by your physician. Do not crush, chew, or open the medicine. Your physician will decide the correct dosage and duration based on age, body weight, and disease condition. Only stop taking the tablet if your doctor advises you to stop.
Warnings, Precautions and Side Effects of Allopurinol
Warnings
Allopurinol is contraindicated in individuals with known hypersensitivity or allergy to it or its component. Stop taking this tablet and contact your doctor immediately if you develop a rash or skin symptoms. Inform your doctor of any heart, thyroid, kidney, or liver disease. Your physician may prescribe you a low dose and perform regular blood tests.
Precautions
It is generally recommended to avoid using Allopurinol during pregnancy unless it is necessary. Taking this drug while breastfeeding is unsafe because it may affect the child. Do not breastfeed while taking this medicine.
Side Effects
The side effects known to occur commonly during the treatment with Allopurinol are skin rash, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, headache, and drowsiness.
Word Of Advice
Avoid driving and lifting heavy machinery if you feel tired or weak during this treatment. Certain activities or conditions that can trigger gout attacks, such as fasting, rapid weight loss, and stress, should also be avoided while taking Allopurinol. Foods high in purines should be avoided, such as red meat, organ meats, and some seafood, which can increase uric acid levels and reduce the effectiveness of this drug. It is highly advised to avoid or limit the consumption of these foods while taking this tablet.
Drink plenty of water. Smoking leads to oxidative stress in the body, leading to increased uric acid levels. It is advised to avoid smoking or using tobacco products while undergoing treatment with this drug. This drug contains lactose as an inactive ingredient in which the body is unable to digest lactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy products. It can cause symptoms such as bloating, and abdominal pain. If you have lactose intolerance, inform your doctor before starting this therapy.
Frequently Asked Question
How does Allopurinol help in treating gout?
Allopurinol works by inhibiting the enzyme xanthine oxidase, which converts purines into uric acid. By reducing uric acid production, this drug helps lower uric acid levels in the blood count and prevents the formation of urate crystals, which cause gout and kidney stones.
How do I take Allopurinol?
Allopurinol is taken orally in the form of tablets. The frequency and dosage of administration will depend on the individual’s condition and the doctor’s recommendation. It is taken once daily, with or after a meal, along with plenty of fluids.
Are there any common side effects of Allopurinol?
Common side effects of Allopurinol may include skin rash, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, drowsiness, and headache. These side effects are temporary and mild. If you experience a severe skin rash, allergic reactions, or other side effects, seeking medical attention is important.
How long does Allopurinol take to start working?
The full effect of Allopurinol may take several weeks or even months to be noticeable. You must continue taking this tablet as your doctor prescribes, even if you do not experience immediate relief.
Can Allopurinol be used in children?
Allopurinol is generally not recommended in children under 11 unless specifically prescribed by a pediatric specialist. Dosage adjustments may be required in pediatric patients.