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Paracetamol

On this page, you will find concise information regarding the medication paracetamol, covering its indications, dosage and administration guidelines, mechanism of action, associated brands with their respective strengths, as well as warnings and prevalent side effects.

Background and Date of Approval

Paracetamol is classified as an analgesic and antipyretic medication. It received initial FDA approval in 1951 for the treatment of pain and fever.

Mechanism of Action of Paracetamol

Paracetamol lowers fever by impeding the generation and release of prostaglandins, hormone-like substances, in the central nervous system (CNS). Additionally, it inhibits endogenous pyrogens at the hypothalamic thermoregulator center. The analgesic effect of paracetamol results from the inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymes, especially COX-3, in the CNS.

AVAILABLE BRANDS

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Neomol 80 Anal Suppos
Neon Laboratories Ltd ₹125.00
Freenac P 100 mg/325 mg Tablet
HBC LIFESCIENCES (P) LTD ₹37.53

Uses of Paracetamol

Paracetamol is employed in various forms such as injection/infusion, tablets, oral suspension, and pediatric drops to alleviate mild to moderate pain and lower fever. Additionally, it is utilized in conjunction with opioid analgesics for the management of moderate to severe pain in both adult and pediatric patients aged 2 years and older. Its mechanism of action involves altering the body’s perception of pain and inducing a cooling effect.
Paracetamol suppositories are administered to alleviate pain and reduce elevated temperatures (fever) in children aged 1 to 5 years. These are particularly suitable for children who may encounter challenges in taking paracetamol in tablet or syrup form.

Paracetamol Drug administaration and Dosage available

Paracetamol injection/infusion:

The infusion will be administered directly into your veins. Your doctor will determine the appropriate dosage and duration of the infusion according to your specific medical condition. It is crucial not to self-administer the injection. The process typically lasts over 15 minutes and is generally repeated every 4 to 6 hours or as necessary for pain relief or fever reduction.

Paracetamol tablet/oral suspension/syrup:

Always follow your doctor’s instructions when taking paracetamol. The appropriate dosage and treatment duration will be determined by your doctor based on your specific medical condition and other relevant factors. It is crucial to avoid overdosing on the medicine and to strictly adhere to the prescribed guidelines provided by your healthcare professional.

Paracetamol Suppository:

This medication is intended for rectal use exclusively. It is essential to use this medicine precisely as instructed by the doctor. Before administering the suppository, ensure that your child’s bowels are empty. If your child needs to use the toilet, make sure they do so before the suppository is given. Do not break the suppository before use; instead, insert it into your child’s back passage (rectum) with the pointed end first. Prior to administering the suppository, it is important to wash your hands.

Paracetamol pediatric oral drops:

Adhere to your doctor’s instructions when taking paracetamol oral pediatric drops. This medication is meant for oral consumption, and your doctor will determine the appropriate dosage and treatment duration based on your medical condition and other relevant factors. It is essential to avoid overdosing and to refrain from touching the dropper.

Warnings, Precautions and Side Effects of Paracetamol

Warnings

Administering Paracetamol in doses exceeding the recommended levels can lead to hepatic injury, posing risks such as liver failure and even death. Caution should be exercised when giving this medicine to patients with specific conditions, including hepatic impairment or active hepatic disease, alcoholism, chronic malnutrition, severe hypovolemia, or severe renal impairment. Additionally, it is important to be aware that this medicine has the potential to cause severe allergic reactions.

Precautions

Do not take Paracetamol if you have a known allergy to Paracetamol or any other ingredients, or if you have severe liver disease. Inform your physician about any existing liver disease or kidney problems. Additionally, disclose any history of alcohol abuse to your healthcare provider. While this medicine is generally considered safe for use during pregnancy and breastfeeding, it is crucial to inform your physician if you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant during the course of treatment.

Side Effects

Common side effects of Paracetamol may include itchy skin, constipation, nausea, vomiting, headache, insomnia, and agitation. It is important to be aware of these potential reactions. Additionally, there are more serious side effects associated with Paracetamol, including liver injury, pneumonitis, and severe skin reactions. If you experience any of these serious side effects, it is crucial to seek medical attention promptly. Always consult with your healthcare provider if you have concerns about the side effects of Paracetamol.

Word Of Advice

Ensure the medication is shielded from light and excess moisture. Store it in a location inaccessible to children and pets. If you miss a dose, promptly notify your healthcare professional and reschedule. Paracetamol injection/infusion is administered through a vein using a needle, with the process taking 15 minutes under the supervision of a nurse or another healthcare provider. Refrain from alcohol consumption while undergoing this treatment. Adhere to the prescribed duration, typically not exceeding 10 consecutive days, unless directed otherwise by your doctor. The use of this medicine in low doses during pregnancy or breastfeeding is generally considered safe. Regular lab tests will be conducted by your doctor during check-up visits to monitor the medicine’s effects. Ensure you attend all scheduled appointments.

Frequently Asked Question

Paracetamol injection is typically used when immediate and precise pain relief is required or when oral administration is not possible, such as in case of nausea or vomiting. The injection allows for direct delivery of the medication into the bloodstream, resulting in a faster onset of action.
paracetamol syrup/oral suspension can be used to relieve pain associated with headaches, toothaches, menstrual cramps, muscle aches, backaches, and minor aches and pains caused by common colds and flu. It is also used to reduce fever.
Do not give your child the same dose again if your child is sick (vomits) after having a dose of paracetamol tablets or syrup. Wait until it’s time for their next dose, or ask your doctor or pharmacist for advice.
It is a medicine to help reduce pain and make children with fever feel better. It will not cause drowsiness or cause your child to sleep
The frequency of paracetamol suppository administration depends on factors such as the individual’s age, weight, and the severity of the treated condition. It is important to adhere to the recommended dosage and interval as a healthcare provider instructs.
Paracetamol tablets can be safely used in individuals who are allergic to aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), but it is not the exact alternative for the medicine. Talk with your healthcare provider before consuming this medicine. 

References

  1. Perfalgan 10mg/ml Solution for Infusion – Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) – (emc). www.medicines.org.uk. Published May 2021. Accessed May 16, 2023. https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/60/smpc
  2. Acetaminophen Injection-Highlights of Prescribing Information.; 2021. Accessed May 16, 2023.https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/204957s000lbl.pdf
  3. KD Tripathi, Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Antipyretics-Analgesics, 7th edition, 2013, 206-207.
  4. Goodman & Gilman’s, The Pharmacological Basics of Therapeutics, Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic, and Analgesic Agents; Pharmacotherapy of Gout, 12th edition, 2011, 982-984.

Disclaimer

The drug information on this page is different from medical advice. It is meant for educational purposes only. For further details, consult your doctor about your medical condition to know if you can receive this treatment.